The influence of the native language (L1) during the acquisition of a second language (L2)

This study examines the phenomenon of native language (L1) interference in second language (L2) acquisition, focusing on typical errors made by Russian-speaking learners of English. The aim of the research is to identify the main types of L1 interference and to analyze their manifestation at different linguistic levels. The study employs a qualitative error analysis of written and oral learner data. The results show that phonetic, lexical, grammatical, syntactic, and pragmatic interference are systematic and predictable, reflecting the interaction between L1 and L2 systems. The findings support the view that interference is a natural stage of interlanguage development and can be used pedagogically to improve foreign language teaching strategies.