Ingliz tilida o‘qish ko‘nikmasining tarkibiy komponentlari va uni rivojlantirish bosqichlari

Mazkur maqolada ingliz tilida o‘qish ko‘nikmasining tarkibiy komponentlari hamda uni bosqichma-bosqich rivojlantirishning nazariy-metodik asoslari yoritilgan. O‘qish chet tilini egallash jarayonidagi asosiy nutq faoliyati turlaridan biri sifatida qaralib, uning shakllanishi fonetik, leksik, grammatik, semantik, kognitiv, strategik va kommunikativ komponentlarning o‘zaro integratsiyasiga asoslanishi asoslab berilgan. Shuningdek, ingliz tilida o‘qish ko‘nikmasini rivojlantirish jarayoni tayyorgarlik, boshlang‘ich idrok, mazmunni anglash, tahliliy-kognitiv qayta ishlash va mustaqil-kommunikativ qo‘llash bosqichlariga ajratilgan. Har bir bosqich uchun samarali metod va mashq turlari tavsiya etilgan. Maqolada o‘qish strategiyalaridan foydalanish, kontekst asosida ma’noni aniqlash, asosiy va ikkilamchi axborotni farqlash, inferensiya qilish hamda matnni tanqidiy tahlil qilish ko‘nikmalarining ahamiyati ham ochib berilgan.

This article examines the structural components of reading skills in English and the stages of their systematic development. Reading is considered one of the fundamental types of speech activity in foreign language learning, and its development is based on the integration of phonological, lexical, grammatical, semantic, cognitive, strategic, and communicative components. The article proposes a gradual model for developing English reading skills, including preparatory, initial perception, comprehension, analytical-cognitive processing, and independent communicative application stages. Appropriate methods and types of exercises are suggested for each stage. Particular attention is paid to reading strategies, contextual meaning construction, identification of main and supporting information, inferencing, and critical interpretation of texts. The study emphasizes that effective reading instruction should move from lower-level decoding processes towards higher-level comprehension and independent interpretation. Filologiya va uni o‘qitish metodikasi 2026 [3] 198